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OK Aura, Be Fair with Me: Demographics-Agnostic Training for Bias Mitigation in Wake-up Word Detection

Voice-based interfaces are widely used; however, achieving fair Wake-up Word detection across diverse speaker populations remains a critical challenge due to persistent demographic biases. This study evaluates the effectiveness of demographics-agnostic training techniques in mitigating performance disparities among speakers of varying sex, age, and accent. We utilize the OK Aura database for our experiments, employing a training methodology that excludes demographic labels, which are reserved for evaluation purposes. We explore (i) data augmentation techniques to enhance model generalization and (ii) Knowledge Distillation of pre-trained foundational speech models. The experimental results indicate that these demographics-agnostic training techniques markedly reduce demographic bias, leading to a more equitable performance profile across different speaker groups. Specifically, one of the evaluated techniques achieves a Predictive Disparity reduction of 39.94% for sex, 83.65% for age, and 40.48% for accent when compared to the baseline. This study highlights the effectiveness of label-agnostic methodologies in fostering fairness in Wake-up Word detection.