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Generation of Instruction and Preference Dataset for Improving Japanese Instruction Following in LLMs

Instruction following, the ability to generate text that aligns with human intent, is a core capability of large language models (LLMs) for real-world applications. Instruction tuning is widely used to obtain this capability, but it requires large amounts of annotated data. To reduce the labor and cost of large-scale annotation, data augmentation using LLMs has been proposed as a promising approach. As this approach has primarily been applied to English datasets, its effectiveness in other languages, such as Japanese, remains unclear. In this paper, we propose an automatic pipeline for generating instruction and preference datasets in Japanese. The instruction dataset is created by expanding a manually annotated dataset using an LLM. The preference dataset is then constructed by adding LLM-generated negative examples to the instruction dataset. To ensure the quality of the datasets, instructions and responses are evaluated using LLM-as-a-Judge and ROUGE-L. Experimental results using supervised fine-tuning and direct preference optimization demonstrate that these synthetic datasets improve the instruction-following capability in Japanese.